Capacitor heat generation due to ESR and ripple currents is a predominant issue in the output capacitors of power supply circuits. Figure 7 shown here shows the fundamental circuit of a miniature step-down DC-DC converter which is used as a POL converter in many electronic devices. This type of output capacitor is the primary target for replacement of electrolytic capacitors with MLCCs in DC-DC converters as a solution for the self-heating issue, space reduction and improved reliability.